Saksagan
A Complex and Evolving Structure
The buildings in this area have gone through many changes over time. There has been so much modification and rebuilding that it is clear...
Hidden Passages Connecting to Tower N
The spiral stairway in the turret was not an isolated structure. It was connected to Tower N by a series of narrow, vaulted passages....
Stairway Turret Structure and Purpose
Section E was a stairway turret, a round tower that contained a spiral ramp instead of steps. This inclined plane wrapped around a central...
Use of Beads in Turkish Culture
Beads for Prayers and Conversation
In Turkish culture, beads are used not only to count prayers but also for conversational purposes. The Mohammedan faith requires...
The Waterfront of Constantinople
Waterfront Space Taken by Palaces
The waterfront of Constantinople is not used for typical shipping purposes, like docks or warehouses. Instead, it is occupied by...
Caution Regarding National Etiquette
Respect for Veiled Women
The first piece of advice given to strangers in Constantinople is about understanding the local etiquette, especially regarding veiled women. It...
Strict Palace Security
In addition to the regular guards, one officer sits at each corner of the corridor around the Sultan’s room. From their positions, they can...
The Sultan’s Sleeping Habits
The Sultan sleeps only two or three hours each day. He can only fall asleep when someone is reading to him or when music...
The Sultan’s Wealth and Mental Health
Power, Money, and Madness
The Sultan's Generous Treatment of His Family
Sultan Abdul Hamid II was known for being very generous to his family members. Unlike...
Growing Trade Over the Years
In 1879, Bulgaria imported goods worth 32 million francs and exported goods worth 20 million francs.By 1886, after joining with Eastern Roumelia, imports rose...
